Economic Freedom

CHAPTER I

PRELIMINARY

fact history shows that Islam is a living system that is kompreshensif, which regulates all aspects, whether in social, economic, and political and spiritual nature. In economic life, of God has set rules which are the limits of human behavior that benefits an individual without harming individuals other. these are to be supervised by the enactment of rules based on Islamic rules, to guide individuals so that they are properly implement the rules and control and oversight of these rules.

This is different from other economic systems are located on the moral and ethical rules established ini. Rule in Islamic economics is a rule which is based on the conceptual framework in conjunction with the Supreme Power (God), life, humanity, world, fellow creatures and humanity. While final destination on the other systems there are no rules that define the boundaries of human behavior that could harm the party and other parties benefit.

CHAPTER II

DISCUSSION

A. ECONOMIC FREEDOM

Economic freedom according to Islam is the freedom given to each individual to process, exploit and use something to satisfy all the needs of the economy but it does not violate the rules set by the Qur'an and Sunnah.

There are several economic freedoms which we discuss in this discussion are:

1)      Freedom of ownership

Freedom is ownership is understood that sees a person can own property / capital and develop the means and in any way. Ownership of the principle of freedom is born views on capitalist economic system. Even as the role of the owners of capital (the capitalists) are very prominent in the country so that they are the real rulers rather than the politicians, the ideology of secularism berasas is also called the ideology of capitalism. But Islam regulates the ownership of:

v  Distributive
ownership of property should not be concentrated in the hands aghniya '. Property must be channeled to the productive fields, so that there is cooperation between aghniya 'with the capital he can give jobs to the economically weak.

v  Developing
 property is perceived by many people away from the property owners so greedy and stingy nature, and use their wealth for social purposes such as infaq, zakat and sodaqoh (Surah Ali Imron 180).

v  Effective
 as a capital asset should play a role in various fields that will ultimately be channeled productively in a variety of business fields that can accommodate the distributive and run productivity and economic effectiveness and avoid the accumulation of wealth. (QS.Al-Tawbah 34)

2)      Freedom Work

Every individual in an Islamic economy is given the freedom to work and activate

to achieve the goal. However, these freedoms must not violate the rules of Allah.Thus the nature of freedom is not absolute.In Islam, work rated as good and laziness judged as moral turpitude. There are several benefits of working to achieve the necessities of life, and for the good of the family and society. As the command of Allah in the Qur'an:
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 And say: "Work, then Allah and His Messenger and the believers will see your work, and you will be returned to (Allah) who are aware of the unseen and the real, and preached unto you what you do. (At Tawbah: 105)

3)      Freedom of the production

Production goals conventional economic concepts (capitalist) is to obtain a profit of magnitude, in contrast to the production goal of Islam is to give the maximum mashlahah for consumers.

Although the purpose of Islamic economics is to maximize mashlahah the main profit is not prohibited during their stay in the frame and the goal of Islamic law. In mashlahah concept formulated by the advantages coupled with the blessing.
The advantage for a manufacturer customarily is profit (profit), which is obtained after deducting the factors of production. While the tangible blessings to all things good and rodusen benefits for themselves and humanity as a whole.

4)      The freedom to consum

Consumption is to use and exploit all such goods and services to meet all human needs (physical / spiritual). Islam gives freedom to all individuals to consume but should be in accordance with predetermined rules such as consume a lawful and not excessive as described in the Qur'an:

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  O mankind, eat the lawful and good from what is contained in the earth, and follow not Satan steps; because Verily Satan is an enemy that is real to you. (Al Baqarah: 168)

B. STATE INTERVENTION

The trajectory of history, the Islamic government in the past can never be separated from the role of state intervention and economic activity of society. All this is executed to achieve the economic goals of Islam and to avoid practices in mu'amalah sleaze in the community. Form an Islamic state intervention in the economy does not embrace the role and intervention in the form of socialist society. State socialism put in a very central and dominant position of all economic activity so that the individual involved practical legal ditiadakan.Landasan State intervention on the economy refers to the word of Allah swt.

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 O ye who believe, obey Allah and obey the Messenger (His), and ulil amri among you. then if you are different opinions about something, then refer it to Allah (Al Quran) and the Prophet (Sunnah), if you truly believe in Allah and the Last Day. such that (advantageous) and better in the end. (An Nisa: 59)

Nash at the top in view of a class of scholars' grant to the government intervention in economic activities are carried out individually. It was to keep the Islamic society and uphold the balance in the society and obliges the government to adhere to them during their amri ulil implement the rule of law is a Personality '. Members of the public are considered working for the interests of the State and they are just a tool. As Islam puts the individual in his position as an individual owner has the right to exploit its ownership without the direct intervention of the State. The individual is a major factor in economic activity and the State acting as a facilitator that protects individual rights and set it to fit with Islamic principles
In greater detail following the next several State roles in the Islamic perspective are:

1)      Develop policies and economic planning

Islam authorizes the State to decide on a variety of general economic policies in the fields of trade, industry, agriculture and labor. The aim is that all economic activities can be focused and systematic in realizing economic politics of Islam. In addition the State is a party that has authority to lay the foundations of the rules that support and protect the growth and economic activity. This is the religious demands of the recommended and encouraged by the Koran.

2)      Management of Public Property and the State

3)      Keep Market Mechanisms

During normal market mechanism goes, the economy will run with the best. But when there is interference in market mechanisms, then the economy will shake and the distribution of wealth will be blocked. Therefore, the preventive state must ensure that market mechanisms can work.

4)      Economic surveillance and punishment of crimes

Islam gives freedom to the people to carry out economic activities, explore and develop his property in various ways. Just set the state of the commodity and what services and ways to avoid what is forbidden. For those who violate the provisions of the formalized Islamic State had a penalty will be exposed to (violators of God and punishment in accordance with the texts), jinayat (violators of other people's bodies), ta'zir (violators of God's law but his sentence has not been specified in the texts) and mukhalafah (offenders government regulations)

C.ECONOMICPOLICY

Economic policy is referring to the actions of a government policy in making decisions on policy or economics, this policy may also include in it the system to establish a system of taxation, interest rates and government budget and labor markets, national ownership, and autonomy from government intervention to in the economy. Sometimes these policies are often affected as well by international institutions like the International Monetary Fund or World Bank as well as the political beliefs of those who hold state power at the time.
if we talk about the economy of Indonesia, who would have thought in our mind is about the conditions and the economic situation in Indonesia. Indonesia's economy can be measured using several indicators, such as national income and gross domestic product (GDP). national income and GDP is high indicates a country's economic condition is vibrant .The govermant have a variety of policies to maintain or improve the quality of the first Indonesia which economy is fiscal policy. fiscal policy is a policy relating to the Revenue Budget Expenditure (Budget).
A country can not be separated from economic policy. One of the economic policies that can overcome the "disease" of the economy such as unemployment, inflation and budget deficit is fiscal policy. Fiscal policies are the policies adopted through the control of the State Budget (Budget). Instruments being played is the sector and sector revenue expenditure within the budget of state finances, primarily taxes and subsidies. In the Islamic economic system, fiscal policy has been known since the reign of the Prophet. In a further development, one of the government successfully implemented with good fiscal policy is in the reign of Caliph 'Umar ibn al-Khattab. During his rule, fiscal policy has been implemented have actually managed to overcome the economic ills. Sources of revenue sources during Umar is zakat, infak, alms, jizya, ghanimah, kaffarat etc..

CONCLUSION

Economic freedom according to Islam is the freedom given to each individual to process, exploit and use something to satisfy all the needs of the economy but it does not violate the rules set by the Qur'an and Sunnah.

In greater detail following the next several State roles in the Islamic perspective are:

1)      Develop policies and economic planning

Islam authorizes the State to decide on a variety of general economic policies in the fields of trade, industry, agriculture and labor. The aim is that all economic activities can be focused and systematic in realizing economic politics of Islam. In addition the State is a party that has authority to lay the foundations of the rules that support and protect the growth and economic activity. This is the religious demands of the recommended and encouraged by the Koran.

2)      Management of Public Property and the State

3)      Keep Market Mechanisms

During normal market mechanism goes, the economy will run with the best. But when there is interference in market mechanisms, then the economy will shake and the distribution of wealth will be blocked. Therefore, the preventive state must ensure that market mechanisms can work.

4)      Economic surveillance and punishment of crimes

Islam gives freedom to the people to carry out economic activities, explore and develop his property in various ways. Just set the state of the commodity and what services and ways to avoid what is forbidden. For those who violate the provisions of the formalized Islamic State had a penalty will be exposed to (violators of God and punishment in accordance with the texts), jinayat (violators of other people's bodies), ta'zir (violators of God's law but his sentence has not been specified in the texts) and mukhalafah (offenders government regulations)

REFERENCES

Dahlan, Abdul Aziz. Ensiklopedi Hukum Islam. Jakarta : PT Ichtiar Baru Van Hoeve,1997.

Karim,.Rusli (Editor). Berbagai Aspek Ekonomi Islam, P3EI UII Yogyakarta: PT.Tiara Wacana, YK-1992.

Qardhawi, Yusuf , Peran Nilai dan Moral dalam Perekonomian Islam, Robbani Press, Jakarta, 2004 3.

Thahir , Abdul .  Menanggulangi Krisis Ekonomi Secara Islam , Terjemahan Ansori Umar Sitanggal, Al-Ma'arif Bandung-1985.

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